The control condition is the standard of care that includes routine clinical assessment every 3 months. The intervention condition includes receiving co-created interventions in addition to standard of care.

Participants will be randomized to the clusters using block randomization. Seven hundred participants who initiated PrEP will be recruited. Each cluster will start intervention at three-month intervals. This four-phased closed cohort stepped-wedge design will have four clusters. The study will then evaluate the efficacy of the co-created intervention packages using a stepped-wedge randomized controlled trial. The study will develop intervention packages to facilitate PrEP adherence among Chinese key populations using co-creation methods.

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